PhysicalConstants.h

Go to the documentation of this file.

#ifndef _utl_PhysicalConstants_h_
#define _utl_PhysicalConstants_h_

#include <utl/AugerUnits.h>
#include <utl/MathConstants.h>


namespace utl {

  constexpr double kgEarth = 9.81 * m/(s*s);
  constexpr double kEarthRadius = 6371.0*km; // average
  constexpr double kRadiationLength = 37 * g/cm2;

  // Grammage at sea level
  constexpr double kOverburdenSeaLevel = 1033 * g/cm2;
  /* Density at sea level according to U.S. standard atmosphere (after Keilhauer).
     Determind with rho(h) = - d/dh X(h) */
  constexpr double kAirDensitySeaLevel = 1.24036 * kg/m3;
  // Refraction index sea level
  constexpr double kRefractiveIndexSeaLevel = 1.000292;

  // A few gas and liquid properties

  constexpr double kMolarGasConstant =  8.3145 * joule/(mole*kelvin);  // R: NIST
  constexpr double kAvogadro = 6.022142e23 / mole;                     // Na: NIST
  constexpr double kBoltzmann = kMolarGasConstant / kAvogadro;         // kB = R/Na

  constexpr double kDryAirMolarMass = 28.97 * gram/mole;  // M. Note: R_spec = R/M
  constexpr double kN2MolarMass = 28.0134 * gram/mole;
  constexpr double kO2MolarMass = 31.9989 * gram/mole;
  constexpr double kArMolarMass = 39.9481 * gram/mole;
  constexpr double kCO2MolarMass = 44.0096 * gram/mole;
  constexpr double kH2OMolarMass = 18.0153 * gram/mole;

  constexpr double kN2AirFraction = 780840 * perMillion;  // Dry air vol. fractions;
  constexpr double kO2AirFraction = 209460 * perMillion;  // NASA Earth Fact Sheet.
  constexpr double kArAirFraction =   9340 * perMillion;  // H2O vapor @ surface is
  constexpr double kCO2AirFraction =   380 * perMillion;  // ~10 000 ppm.

  constexpr double kH2OFreezingPoint = 273.15 * kelvin;

  // All taken from PDG data tables (2002)

  // Gaisser-Hillas parameter for the electron mean free path in air
  constexpr double kLambdaGH = 70 * g/cm2;

  // Constants

  constexpr double kSpeedOfLightSI = 299792458;
  constexpr double kSpeedOfLight = kSpeedOfLightSI * m/s;
  constexpr double kSpeedOfLight2 = kSpeedOfLight * kSpeedOfLight;
  constexpr double kPlanckSI = 6.62606876e-34;
  constexpr double kPlanckReducedSI = kPlanckSI / (2*kPi);
  constexpr double kPlanck = kPlanckSI * joule*s;
  constexpr double kPlanckReduced = kPlanckReducedSI * joule*s;
  constexpr double kMuZeroSI = 4*kPi * 1e-7;
  constexpr double kMuZero = kMuZeroSI*newton/(ampere*ampere);

  // Particle masses

  constexpr double kMassConversionSI = eSI / (kSpeedOfLightSI*kSpeedOfLightSI);

  constexpr double kElectronMass = 0.510998902 * MeV;
  constexpr double kElectronMassSI = kElectronMass * kMassConversionSI;
  constexpr double kMuonMass = 105.658357 * MeV;
  constexpr double kMuonMassSI = kMuonMass * kMassConversionSI;
  constexpr double kTauMass = 1776.99 * MeV;
  constexpr double kTauMassSI = kTauMass * kMassConversionSI;

  constexpr double kPiZeroMass = 134.9766 * MeV;
  constexpr double kPiZeroMassSI = kPiZeroMass * kMassConversionSI;
  constexpr double kRhoZeroMass = 775.49 * MeV;
  constexpr double kPiChargedMass = 139.57018 * MeV;
  constexpr double kPiChargedMassSI = kPiChargedMass * kMassConversionSI;
  constexpr double kRhoChargedMass = 775.11 * MeV;
  constexpr double kEtaMass = 547.30 * MeV;
  constexpr double kEtaMassSI = kEtaMass * kMassConversionSI;
  constexpr double kOmegaMesonMass = 782.65 * MeV;
  constexpr double kKaonZeroMass = 497.672 * MeV;  // | K^0 _s - K^0 _l | ~ 10^-12 MeV
  constexpr double kKaonZeroMassSI = kKaonZeroMass * kMassConversionSI;
  constexpr double kKaonStarZeroMass = 0.89594 * GeV;
  constexpr double kKaonChargedMass = 493.677 * MeV;
  constexpr double kKaonChargedMassSI = kKaonChargedMass * kMassConversionSI;
  constexpr double kKaonStarChargedMass = 0.89166 * GeV;
  constexpr double kPhiMass = 1.01946 * GeV;
  constexpr double kDeltaMass = 1.232 * MeV;
  constexpr double kNeutronMass = 939.56533 * MeV;
  constexpr double kNeutronMassSI = kNeutronMass * kMassConversionSI;
  constexpr double kProtonMass = 938.271998 * MeV;
  constexpr double kProtonMassSI = kProtonMass * kMassConversionSI;
  constexpr double kLambdaMass = 1115.683 * MeV;
  constexpr double kLambdaMassSI = kLambdaMass * kMassConversionSI;
  constexpr double kSigmaPlusMass = 1189.37 * MeV;
  constexpr double kSigmaPlusMassSI = kSigmaPlusMass * kMassConversionSI;
  constexpr double kSigmaZeroMass = 1192.642 * MeV;
  constexpr double kSigmaZeroMassSI = kSigmaZeroMass * kMassConversionSI;
  constexpr double kSigmaMinusMass = 1197.449 * MeV;
  constexpr double kSigmaMinusMassSI = kSigmaMinusMass * kMassConversionSI;
  constexpr double kXiZeroMass = 1314.83 * MeV;
  constexpr double kXiZeroMassSI = kXiZeroMass * kMassConversionSI;
  constexpr double kXiMinusMass = 1321.31 * MeV;
  constexpr double kXiMinusMassSI = kXiMinusMass * kMassConversionSI;
  constexpr double kOmegaMinusMass = 1672.45 * MeV;
  constexpr double kOmegaMinusMassSI = kOmegaMinusMass * kMassConversionSI;
  constexpr double kLambdacMass = 2286.46 * MeV;
  constexpr double kLambdacMassSI = kLambdacMass * kMassConversionSI;

  constexpr double kDeuteronMass = 1875.612762 * MeV;
  constexpr double kDeuteronMassSI = kDeuteronMass*kMassConversionSI;

  // Particle lifetimes

  constexpr double kMuonLifetime = 2.19703e-6 * s;

  constexpr double kNeutronLifetime = 885.7 * s;

  constexpr double kLambdaLifetime = 2.632e-10 * s;
  constexpr double kSigmaZeroLifetime = 7.4e-20 * s;
  constexpr double kSigmaPlusLifetime = 0.8018e-10 * s;
  constexpr double kSigmaMinusLifetime = 1.479e-10 * s;
  constexpr double kXiZeroLifetime = 2.9e-10 * s;
  constexpr double kXiMinusLifetime = 1.639e-10 * s;
  constexpr double kOmegaMinusLifetime = 0.821e-10 * s;

  constexpr double kPiZeroLifetime = 8.4e-17 * s;
  constexpr double kPiChargedLifetime = 2.6033e-8 * s;
  constexpr double kKaonZeroShortLifetime = 0.8934e-10 * s;
  constexpr double kKaonZeroLongLifetime = 5.17e-8 * s;
  constexpr double kKaonChargedLifetime = 1.2384e-8 * s;

  // Derived constexprants

  constexpr double kEpsilonZeroSI = 1 / (kMuZeroSI * kSpeedOfLightSI*kSpeedOfLightSI);
  constexpr double kAlpha = (eSI*eSI) /
    (4*kPi * kEpsilonZeroSI * kPlanckReducedSI * kSpeedOfLightSI);
  constexpr double kElectronRadiusSI = (eSI*eSI) /
    (4*kPi * kEpsilonZeroSI * kElectronMassSI * kSpeedOfLightSI * kSpeedOfLightSI);
  constexpr double kThomsonCrossSectionSI =
    8*kPi * kElectronRadiusSI * kElectronRadiusSI / 3;

  /* This factor converts the integral of the squared signal amplitudes [ns * V^2/m^2] 
   * into an energy fluence in units of [eV/m^2]
   * a simple use of Offline's unit package is not possible in this case, because it is not 
   * just a change of units but the evaluation and integration of the Poynting vector 
   * (so a multiplication with c and epsilon_0) */
  // const double fConversionSignalToEnergyFluence(2.65441729 * 1e-3 * 1.e-9 * 6.24150934 * 1e18)
  constexpr double kConversionRadioSignalToEnergyFluence = 1 / second * kSpeedOfLightSI * kEpsilonZeroSI / eSI;

}


#endif