% SVMULT DOCUMENT CLASS -- version 1.0
% Springer Verlag LaTeX2e support for multi authored books
%%
%%
%% \CharacterTable
%%  {Upper-case    \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
%%   Lower-case    \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
%%   Digits        \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
%%   Exclamation   \!     Double quote  \"     Hash (number) \#
%%   Dollar        \$     Percent       \%     Ampersand     \&
%%   Acute accent  \'     Left paren    \(     Right paren   \)
%%   Asterisk      \*     Plus          \+     Comma         \,
%%   Minus         \-     Point         \.     Solidus       \/
%%   Colon         \:     Semicolon     \;     Less than     \<
%%   Equals        \=     Greater than  \>     Question mark \?
%%   Commercial at \@     Left bracket  \[     Backslash     \\
%%   Right bracket \]     Circumflex    \^     Underscore    \_
%%   Grave accent  \`     Left brace    \{     Vertical bar  \|
%%   Right brace   \}     Tilde         \~}
%%
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
\ProvidesClass{svmult}[1999/07/09 v1.0
^^JSpringer Verlag LaTeX document class for multi authored books]
% Options
\DeclareOption{citeauthoryear}{\let\citeauthoryear=Y}

\let\if@envcntreset\iffalse
\DeclareOption{envcountreset}{\let\if@envcntreset\iftrue}
\let\if@envcntsame\iffalse
\DeclareOption{envcountsame}{\let\if@envcntsame\iftrue}
\def\envankh{section}
\DeclareOption{envcountchap}{\def\envankh{chapter}%
\ExecuteOptions{envcountsect}}
\let\if@envcntsect\iffalse
\DeclareOption{envcountsect}{\let\if@envcntsect\iftrue}

\let\if@runhead\iffalse
\DeclareOption{runningheads}{\let\if@runhead\iftrue}

\let\if@openbib\iffalse
\DeclareOption{openbib}{\let\if@openbib\iftrue}

\let\if@referee\iffalse
\def\makereferee{\def\baselinestretch{2}}
\DeclareOption{referee}{\let\if@referee\iftrue}
%\AtBeginDocument{\makereferee\small\normalsize}


\let\if@instindent\iffalse
\DeclareOption{instindent}{\let\if@instindent\iftrue}
\let\if@smartand\iffalse
\DeclareOption{smartand}{\let\if@smartand\iftrue}

\let\if@spthms\iftrue
\DeclareOption{nospthms}{\let\if@spthms\iffalse}

\newif\if@openright \@openrighttrue
\DeclareOption{openany}{\@openrightfalse}
%%ermöglicht Kapitelanfang auf linker Seite
%%über\documentclass[]{}



\DeclareOption*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}}

\ProcessOptions

%\LoadClass[twoside,fleqn]{article}
\LoadClass[twoside]{article}

\setlength{\textwidth}{11.7cm}
\setlength{\textheight}{18.9cm}

\newcommand{\micro}{\mbox{\usefont{U}{eur}{m}{n}\char22}}

\newcommand{\D}{\mathrm{d}}
\newcommand{\E}{\mathrm{e}}
\let\eul=\E
\newcommand{\I}{{\rm i}}
\let\imag=\I

\renewcommand\small{%
   \@setfontsize\small\@ixpt{11}%
   \abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus4\p@
   \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus2\p@
   \belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus2\p@
   \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
               \parsep 0\p@ \@plus1\p@ \@minus\p@
               \topsep 8\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
               \itemsep0\p@}%
   \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
}

\frenchspacing
\widowpenalty=10000
\clubpenalty=10000

\setlength\oddsidemargin   {63\p@}
\setlength\evensidemargin  {63\p@}
\setlength\marginparwidth  {90\p@}

\setlength\headsep   {12\p@}

\setlength\footnotesep{7.7\p@}

\setlength\@fptop{0\p@ }
\setlength\@fpsep{12\p@ }
\setlength\@fpbot{0\p@ plus 1fil }

\setlength\intextsep   {20\p@\@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
%vert. Abstand zw. dem umgebenden Text und gleit. Objekten, die ueb. die
%h-positionierung im laufenden Text angeordnet sind.

\setcounter{topnumber}{4}
%max. Anzahl v. gleit. Objekten, die auf einer Seite OBEN angeordnet
%werden koennen
\def\topfraction{.9}
%gibt den Bruchteil der Seite an, der fuer gleit. Objekte OBEN auf der
%Seite zur Verfuegung steht
\setcounter{bottomnumber}{2}
%max. Anzahl v. gleit. Objekten, die auf einer Seite UNTEN angeordnet
%werden koennen
\def\bottomfraction{.5}
%gibt den Bruchteil der Seite an, der fuer gleit. Objekte UNTEN auf der
%Seite zur Verfuegung steht
\setcounter{totalnumber}{6}
%max. Anzahl v. gleit. Objekten, die auf einer Seite INSGESAMT angeordnet
%werden koennen
\def\textfraction{.05}
%gibt den Bruchteil der Seite an, der fuer TEXT MINDESTENS zur
%Verfuegung stehen muss: Damit steht fuer gleit. Obje. pro Seite
%max. ein Anteil von 1- \textfraction zur Verfuegung.
\def\floatpagefraction{.8}
%gibt den MINIMALEN BRUCHTEIL einer float-Seite an, der von gleit. Obje.
%ausgefuellt sein muss, bevor ggf. ein weitere Seite bereitgestellt
%wird.

\setcounter{secnumdepth}{2}

\def\seccounterend{\quad}
\def\@seccntformat#1{\csname the#1\endcsname\seccounterend}

\newcounter{chapter}
\renewcommand\thechapter{\@arabic\c@chapter}

\newif\if@mainmatter \@mainmattertrue
\newcommand\frontmatter{\startnewpage
            \@mainmatterfalse\pagenumbering{Roman}}
\newcommand\mainmatter{\startnewpage
       \@mainmattertrue\pagenumbering{arabic}}
\newcommand\backmatter{\startnewpage\@mainmatterfalse
\let\appendix=\bppendix}

\newcommand{\startnewpage}{\if@openright\clearemptydoublepage\else\clearpage\fi}

\let\firstmark=\botmark

\renewcommand\part{\clearemptydoublepage
                 \thispagestyle{empty}%
                 \if@twocolumn
                     \onecolumn
                     \@tempswatrue
                   \else
                     \@tempswafalse
                 \fi
                 \null\vfil
                 \@ifundefined{thispagecropped}{}{\thispagecropped}
                 \secdef\@part\@spart}

\def\@part[#1]#2{\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >-2\relax  % IF secnumdepth > -2
        \refstepcounter{part}                     %   THEN step part counter
        \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{\partname\    %        add toc line
        \thepart. #1}\else                        %   ELSE add unnumbered line
        \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{#1}\fi        % FI
   \markboth{}{}
   {\raggedleft                      % added 8.1.92 FUH
    \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >-2\relax  % IF secnumdepth > -2
      \Large\partname\ \thepart      %   THEN Print 'Part' and number
    \par                             %         in \Large
    \vskip 103.3pt \fi               %        Add space before title.
    \bf\boldmath                     % FI
    #1\par}\@endpart}                % Print Title in \Large bold.
%
% \@endpart finishes the part page
%
\def\@endpart{\vfil\newpage   % End page with 1fil glue.
   \if@twoside                % IF twoside printing
       \hbox{}                %   THEN Produce totally blank page
       \thispagestyle{empty}
       \newpage
   \fi                        % FI
   \if@tempswa                % IF @tempswa = true
     \twocolumn               %   THEN \twocolumn
   \fi}                       % FI
%
\def\@spart#1{{\raggedleft     % added 8 Jan 92 FUH
   \Large\bf\boldmath          % Print title in \Large-boldface
   #1\par}\@endpart}

\newcommand\chapter{\clearemptydoublepage
                    \@ifundefined{thispagecropped}{}{\thispagecropped}
                    \thispagestyle{empty}%
                    \global\@topnum\z@
                    \@afterindentfalse
                    \secdef\@chapter\@schapter}
\def\@chapter[#1]#2{\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
                       \refstepcounter{chapter}%
                       \if@mainmatter
                         \typeout{\@chapapp\space\thechapter.}%
                         \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}%
                                  {\protect\numberline{\thechapter}#1}%
                       \else
                         \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}%
                       \fi
                    \else
                      \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}%
                    \fi
                    \chaptermark{#1}%
                    \addtocontents{lof}{\protect\addvspace{10\p@}}%
                    \addtocontents{lot}{\protect\addvspace{10\p@}}%
                    \if@twocolumn
                      \@topnewpage[\@makechapterhead{#2}]%
                    \else
                      \@makechapterhead{#2}%
                      \@afterheading
                    \fi}


\def\@makechapterhead#1{%
  {\parindent \z@ \raggedright
    \normalfont
    \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
      \if@mainmatter
        \large\bfseries \@chapapp{} \thechapter
        \par\nobreak
        \vskip 20\p@
      \fi
    \fi
    \interlinepenalty\@M
    \Large \bfseries\boldmath\ignorespaces\@seccntformat{chapter}#1\par
    \ifdim\pagetotal>118pt
      \vskip 24pt
    \else
      \@tempdima=118pt\advance\@tempdima by-\pagetotal
      \vskip\@tempdima
    \fi}}


\def\@schapter#1{\if@twocolumn
                   \@topnewpage[\@makeschapterhead{#1}]%
                 \else
                   \@makeschapterhead{#1}%
                   \@afterheading
                 \fi}
\def\@makeschapterhead#1{{\parindent0pt\raggedright
  \hyphenpenalty \@M
  \Large\bf\boldmath
  \ignorespaces#1\par
  \ifdim\pagetotal>118pt
     \vskip 24pt
  \else
     \@tempdima=118pt\advance\@tempdima by-\pagetotal
     \vskip\@tempdima
  \fi}}

\renewcommand\section{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}%
                       {-18\p@ \@plus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}%
                       {12\p@ \@plus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@}%
                       {\normalfont\large\bfseries\boldmath
                        \rightskip=\z@ \@plus 8em\pretolerance=10000 }}
\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
                       {-18\p@ \@plus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}%
                       {8\p@ \@plus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@}%
                       {\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries\boldmath
                        \rightskip=\z@ \@plus 8em\pretolerance=10000 }}
\renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
                       {-18\p@ \@plus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}%
                       {-0.5em \@plus -0.22em \@minus -0.1em}%
                       {\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries\boldmath}}
\renewcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
                       {-12\p@ \@plus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}%
                       {-0.5em \@plus -0.22em \@minus -0.1em}%
                       {\normalfont\normalsize\itshape}}
\renewcommand\subparagraph[1]{\typeout{LNCSE warning: You should not use
                  \string\subparagraph\space with this class}\vskip0.5cm
You should not use \verb|\subparagraph| with this class.\vskip0.5cm}

\DeclareMathSymbol{\Gamma}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"00}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Delta}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"01}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Theta}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"02}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Lambda}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"03}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Xi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"04}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Pi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"05}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Sigma}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"06}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Upsilon}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"07}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Phi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"08}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Psi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"09}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Omega}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"0A}

\let\footnotesize\small

\def\vec#1{\mathchoice{\mbox{\boldmath$\displaystyle#1$}}
{\mbox{\boldmath$\textstyle#1$}}
{\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptstyle#1$}}
{\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptscriptstyle#1$}}}

\def\squareforqed{\hbox{\rlap{$\sqcap$}$\sqcup$}}
\def\qed{\ifmmode\squareforqed\else{\unskip\nobreak\hfil
\penalty50\hskip1em\null\nobreak\hfil\squareforqed
\parfillskip=0pt\finalhyphendemerits=0\endgraf}\fi}

\def\getsto{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr\gets\cr\to\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr\gets
\cr\to\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr\gets
\cr\to\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
\gets\cr\to\cr}}}}}
\def\lid{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr
\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr
\noalign{\vskip1pt}=\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
<\cr
\noalign{\vskip0.9pt}=\cr}}}}}
\def\gid{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr
\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr
\noalign{\vskip1pt}=\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
>\cr
\noalign{\vskip0.9pt}=\cr}}}}}
\def\grole{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip-1pt}<\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr
>\cr\noalign{\vskip-1pt}<\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
>\cr\noalign{\vskip-0.8pt}<\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
>\cr\noalign{\vskip-0.3pt}<\cr}}}}}
\def\bbbr{{\rm I\!R}} %reelle Zahlen
\def\bbbm{{\rm I\!M}}
\def\bbbn{{\rm I\!N}} %natuerliche Zahlen
\def\bbbf{{\rm I\!F}}
\def\bbbh{{\rm I\!H}}
\def\bbbk{{\rm I\!K}}
\def\bbbp{{\rm I\!P}}
\def\bbbone{{\mathchoice {\rm 1\mskip-4mu l} {\rm 1\mskip-4mu l}
{\rm 1\mskip-4.5mu l} {\rm 1\mskip-5mu l}}}
\def\bbbc{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
\def\bbbq{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm
Q$}\hbox{\raise
0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.8\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise
0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.8\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise
0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise
0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
\def\bbbt{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm
T$}\hbox{\hbox to0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
\def\bbbs{{\mathchoice
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle     \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule height0.5\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle        \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule height0.5\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle      \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\raise0.05\ht0\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.5\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\raise0.05\ht0\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
\def\bbbz{{\mathchoice {\hbox{$\textstyle\sf Z\kern-0.4em Z$}}
{\hbox{$\textstyle\sf Z\kern-0.4em Z$}}
{\hbox{$\scriptstyle\sf Z\kern-0.3em Z$}}
{\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\sf Z\kern-0.2em Z$}}}}

\let\ts\,

\setlength\leftmargini  {17\p@}
\setlength\leftmargin    {\leftmargini}
\setlength\leftmarginii  {\leftmargini}
\setlength\leftmarginiii {\leftmargini}
\setlength\leftmarginiv  {\leftmargini}
\setlength  \labelsep  {.5em}
\setlength  \labelwidth{\leftmargini}
\addtolength\labelwidth{-\labelsep}

\def\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmargini
            \parsep 0\p@ \@plus1\p@ \@minus\p@
            \topsep 8\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
            \itemsep0\p@}
\let\@listi\@listI
\@listi
\def\@listii {\leftmargin\leftmarginii
              \labelwidth\leftmarginii
              \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
              \topsep    0\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@}
\def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii
              \labelwidth\leftmarginiii
              \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
              \topsep    0\p@ \@plus\p@\@minus\p@
              \parsep    \z@
              \partopsep \p@ \@plus\z@ \@minus\p@}

\renewcommand\labelitemi{$\m@th\bullet$}
\renewcommand\labelitemii{\normalfont\bfseries --}

\setlength\arraycolsep{1.5\p@}
\setlength\tabcolsep{1.5\p@}

\def\newendpage {\par
                 \ifdim \pagetotal>\topskip
                     \else\thispagestyle{empty}
                 \fi
                 \vfil\penalty -\@M}
\def\clearpage{%
  \ifvmode
    \ifnum \@dbltopnum =\m@ne
      \ifdim \pagetotal <\topskip
        \hbox{}
      \fi
    \fi
  \fi
  \newendpage
  \write\m@ne{}
  \vbox{}
  \penalty -\@Mi
}
\def\cleardoublepage{\clearpage\if@twoside \ifodd\c@page\else
    \hbox{}\newendpage\if@twocolumn\hbox{}\newpage\fi\fi\fi}

\def\tableofcontents{\chapter*{\contentsname\markboth{{\contentsname}}%
                                                    {{\contentsname}}}
 \def\authcount##1{\setcounter{auco}{##1}\setcounter{@auth}{1}}
 \def\lastand{\ifnum\value{auco}=2\relax
                 \unskip{} \andname\
              \else
                 \unskip \lastandname\
              \fi}%
 \def\and{\stepcounter{@auth}\relax
          \ifnum\value{@auth}=\value{auco}%
             \lastand
          \else
             \unskip,
          \fi}%
 \@starttoc{toc}\if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi}

\def\l@part#1#2{\addpenalty{\@secpenalty}%
   \addvspace{2em plus\p@}%  % space above part line
   \begingroup
     \parindent \z@
     \rightskip \z@ plus 5em
     \hrule\vskip5pt
     \bfseries\boldmath   % set line in boldface
     \leavevmode          % TeX command to enter horizontal mode.
     #1\par
     \vskip5pt
     \hrule
     \vskip1pt
     \nobreak             % Never break after part entry
   \endgroup}

\def\@dotsep{2}

\def\addnumcontentsmark#1#2#3{%
\addtocontents{#1}{\protect\contentsline{#2}{\protect\numberline
                                    {\thechapter}#3}{\thepage}}}
\def\addcontentsmark#1#2#3{%
\addtocontents{#1}{\protect\contentsline{#2}{#3}{\thepage}}}
\def\addcontentsmarkwop#1#2#3{%
\addtocontents{#1}{\protect\contentsline{#2}{#3}{0}}}

\def\@adcmk[#1]{\ifcase #1 \or
\def\@gtempa{\addnumcontentsmark}%
  \or    \def\@gtempa{\addcontentsmark}%
  \or    \def\@gtempa{\addcontentsmarkwop}%
  \fi\@gtempa{toc}{chapter}}
\def\addtocmark{\@ifnextchar[{\@adcmk}{\@adcmk[3]}}

\def\l@chapter#1#2{\addpenalty{-\@highpenalty}
 \vskip 1.0em plus 1pt \@tempdima 1.5em \begingroup
 \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
 \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
 \leavevmode \advance\leftskip\@tempdima \hskip -\leftskip
 {\bfseries\boldmath#1}\ifx0#2\hfil\null
 \else
      \nobreak
      \leaders\hbox{$\m@th \mkern \@dotsep mu.\mkern
      \@dotsep mu$}\hfill
      \nobreak\hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}%
 \fi\par
 \penalty\@highpenalty \endgroup}

\def\l@title#1#2{\addpenalty{-\@highpenalty}
 \addvspace{8pt plus 1pt}
 \@tempdima \z@
 \begingroup
 \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@tocrmarg
%\parfillskip -\@tocrmarg
 \leavevmode \advance\leftskip\@tempdima \hskip -\leftskip
 {\bfseries#1}%\nobreak
%\leaders\hbox{$\m@th \mkern \@dotsep mu.\mkern
%\@dotsep mu$}\hfill
%\nobreak\hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
 \par
 \penalty\@highpenalty \endgroup}

\def\l@author#1#2{%\addpenalty{\@highpenalty}
 \@tempdima \z@
 \begingroup
 \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@tocrmarg
 \parfillskip -\@tocrmarg
 \leavevmode \advance\leftskip\@tempdima \hskip -\leftskip
 {\itshape#1}\nobreak
 \leaders\hbox{$\m@th \mkern \@dotsep mu.\mkern
 \@dotsep mu$}\hfill
 \nobreak\hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
 \penalty\@highpenalty \endgroup}

\setcounter{tocdepth}{0}
\newdimen\tocchpnum
\newdimen\tocsecnum
\newdimen\tocsectotal
\newdimen\tocsubsecnum
\newdimen\tocsubsectotal
\newdimen\tocsubsubsecnum
\newdimen\tocsubsubsectotal
\newdimen\tocparanum
\newdimen\tocparatotal
\newdimen\tocsubparanum
\tocchpnum=\z@            % no chapter numbers
\tocsecnum=15\p@          % section 88. plus 2.222pt
\tocsubsecnum=23\p@       % subsection 88.8 plus 2.222pt
\tocsubsubsecnum=27\p@    % subsubsection 88.8.8 plus 1.444pt
\tocparanum=35\p@         % paragraph 88.8.8.8 plus 1.666pt
\tocsubparanum=43\p@      % subparagraph 88.8.8.8.8 plus 1.888pt
\def\calctocindent{%
\tocsectotal=\tocchpnum
\advance\tocsectotal by\tocsecnum
\tocsubsectotal=\tocsectotal
\advance\tocsubsectotal by\tocsubsecnum
\tocsubsubsectotal=\tocsubsectotal
\advance\tocsubsubsectotal by\tocsubsubsecnum
\tocparatotal=\tocsubsubsectotal
\advance\tocparatotal by\tocparanum}
\calctocindent

\def\l@section{\@dottedtocline{1}{\tocchpnum}{\tocsecnum}}
\def\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{\tocsectotal}{\tocsubsecnum}}
\def\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{\tocsubsectotal}{\tocsubsubsecnum}}
\def\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{\tocsubsubsectotal}{\tocparanum}}
\def\l@subparagraph{\@dottedtocline{5}{\tocparatotal}{\tocsubparanum}}

\def\listoffigures{\@restonecolfalse\if@twocolumn\@restonecoltrue\onecolumn
 \fi\section*{\listfigurename\@mkboth{{\listfigurename}}{{\listfigurename}}}
 \@starttoc{lof}\if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi}
\def\l@figure{\@dottedtocline{1}{0em}{1.5em}}

\def\listoftables{\@restonecolfalse\if@twocolumn\@restonecoltrue\onecolumn
 \fi\section*{\listtablename\@mkboth{{\listtablename}}{{\listtablename}}}
 \@starttoc{lot}\if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi}
\let\l@table\l@figure

\renewcommand\listoffigures{%
    \section*{\listfigurename
      \@mkboth{\listfigurename}{\listfigurename}}%
    \@starttoc{lof}%
    }

\renewcommand\listoftables{%
    \section*{\listtablename
      \@mkboth{\listtablename}{\listtablename}}%
    \@starttoc{lot}%
    }

\renewcommand\appendix{\par}         %article appendix

\newcommand\bppendix{\par            %book appendix
                \stepcounter{chapter}%
                \setcounter{chapter}{0}
                \stepcounter{section}%
                \setcounter{section}{0}
                \setcounter{equation}{0}
                \setcounter{figure}{0}
                \setcounter{table}{0}
                \setcounter{footnote}{0}%
\renewcommand\thechapter{\@Alph\c@chapter}
\renewcommand\thesection{\thechapter.\@arabic\c@section}
\renewcommand\thesubsection{\thesection.\@arabic\c@subsection}
\renewcommand\theequation{\thechapter.\@arabic\c@equation}
\renewcommand\thefigure{\thechapter.\@arabic\c@figure}
\renewcommand\thetable{\thechapter.\@arabic\c@table}}


\ifx\citeauthoryear\undefined
\renewenvironment{thebibliography}[1]
     {\section*{\refname}
      \def\@biblabel##1{##1.}
      \small
      \list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
           {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
            \leftmargin\labelwidth
            \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
            \if@openbib
              \advance\leftmargin\bibindent
              \itemindent -\bibindent
              \listparindent \itemindent
              \parsep \z@
            \fi
            \usecounter{enumiv}%
            \let\p@enumiv\@empty
            \renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
      \if@openbib
        \renewcommand\newblock{\par}%
      \else
        \renewcommand\newblock{\hskip .11em \@plus.33em \@minus.07em}%
      \fi
      \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000%
      \sfcode`\.=\@m}
     {\def\@noitemerr
       {\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
      \endlist}
\def\@lbibitem[#1]#2{\item[{[#1]}\hfill]\if@filesw
     {\let\protect\noexpand\immediate
     \write\@auxout{\string\bibcite{#2}{#1}}}\fi\ignorespaces}
\newcount\@tempcntc
\def\@citex[#1]#2{\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#2}}\fi
  \@tempcnta\z@\@tempcntb\m@ne\def\@citea{}\@cite{\@for\@citeb:=#2\do
    {\@ifundefined
       {b@\@citeb}{\@citeo\@tempcntb\m@ne\@citea\def\@citea{,}{\bfseries
        ?}\@warning
       {Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
    {\setbox\z@\hbox{\global\@tempcntc0\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname\relax}%
     \ifnum\@tempcntc=\z@ \@citeo\@tempcntb\m@ne
       \@citea\def\@citea{,}\hbox{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}%
     \else
      \advance\@tempcntb\@ne
      \ifnum\@tempcntb=\@tempcntc
      \else\advance\@tempcntb\m@ne\@citeo
      \@tempcnta\@tempcntc\@tempcntb\@tempcntc\fi\fi}}\@citeo}{#1}}
\def\@citeo{\ifnum\@tempcnta>\@tempcntb\else\@citea\def\@citea{,}%
  \ifnum\@tempcnta=\@tempcntb\the\@tempcnta\else
   {\advance\@tempcnta\@ne\ifnum\@tempcnta=\@tempcntb \else \def\@citea{--}\fi
    \advance\@tempcnta\m@ne\the\@tempcnta\@citea\the\@tempcntb}\fi\fi}
\else
\renewenvironment{thebibliography}[1]
     {\section*{\refname}
      \small
      \list{}%
           {\settowidth\labelwidth{}%
            \leftmargin\parindent
            \itemindent=-\parindent
            \labelsep=\z@
            \if@openbib
              \advance\leftmargin\bibindent
              \itemindent -\bibindent
              \listparindent \itemindent
              \parsep \z@
            \fi
            \usecounter{enumiv}%
            \let\p@enumiv\@empty
            \renewcommand\theenumiv{}}%
      \if@openbib
        \renewcommand\newblock{\par}%
      \else
        \renewcommand\newblock{\hskip .11em \@plus.33em \@minus.07em}%
      \fi
      \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000%
      \sfcode`\.=\@m}
     {\def\@noitemerr
       {\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
      \endlist}
      \def\@cite#1{#1}%
      \def\@lbibitem[#1]#2{\item[]\if@filesw
        {\def\protect##1{\string ##1\space}\immediate
      \write\@auxout{\string\bibcite{#2}{#1}}}\fi\ignorespaces}
\fi

\def\idxquad{\hskip 10\p@}% space that divides entry from number

\def\@idxitem{\par\hangindent 10\p@}

\def\subitem{\par\setbox0=\hbox{--\enspace}% second order
                \noindent\hangindent\wd0\box0}% index entry

\def\subsubitem{\par\setbox0=\hbox{--\,--\enspace}% third
                \noindent\hangindent\wd0\box0}% order index entry

\def\indexspace{\par \vskip 10\p@ plus5\p@ minus3\p@\relax}

\let\if@threecolind\iffalse
\def\threecolindex{\let\if@threecolind\iftrue}
\renewenvironment{theindex}
               {\if@twocolumn
                  \@restonecolfalse
                \else
                  \@restonecoltrue
                \fi
                \columnseprule \z@
                \columnsep 1cc
                \@nobreaktrue
                \if@threecolind
                   \begin{multicols}{3}[\chapter*{\indexname}%
                \else
                   \begin{multicols}{2}[\chapter*{\indexname}%
                \fi
                {\csname indexstarthook\endcsname}]%
                \markboth{\indexname}{\indexname}%
                \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\indexname}%
                \thispagestyle{empty}\parindent\z@
                \rightskip0\p@ plus 40\p@
                \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
                \flushbottom
                \let\item\@idxitem
                \def\,{\relax\ifmmode\mskip\thinmuskip
                             \else\hskip0.2em\ignorespaces\fi}%
                \normalfont\small}
               {\end{multicols}
                \global\let\if@threecolind\iffalse
                \if@restonecol\onecolumn\else\clearpage\fi}


\newenvironment{thecontriblist}
               {\if@twocolumn
                  \@restonecolfalse
                \else
                  \@restonecoltrue
                \fi
                \columnseprule \z@
                \columnsep 1cc
                \@nobreaktrue
                \if@threecolind
                   \begin{multicols}{3}[\chapter*{\contriblistname%
                       \markboth{\contriblistname}{\contriblistname}}]%
                \else
                   \begin{multicols}{2}[\chapter*{\contriblistname%
                       \markboth{\contriblistname}{\contriblistname}}]%
                \fi
                \thispagestyle{empty}%
                \obeylines%
                \parindent\z@%
                \rightskip0\p@ plus 40\p@%
                \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
                \let\and\bigbreak
                }
               {\end{multicols}
                \global\let\if@threecolind\iffalse
                \if@restonecol\onecolumn\else\clearpage\fi}


\renewcommand\footnoterule{%
  \kern-3\p@
  \hrule\@width 2truecm
  \kern2.6\p@}
\long\def\@makefntext#1{%
    \parindent 1em%
    \leftskip 1em%
    \noindent
    \llap{\hb@xt@1em{\hss\@makefnmark\ }}\ignorespaces#1}

\def\leftlegendglue{\hfil}

\def\fps@figure{htbp}
\def\fnum@figure{\figurename\thefigure}
\def \@floatboxreset {%
        \reset@font
        \small
        \@setnobreak
        \@setminipage
}
\def\fps@table{htbp}
\def\fnum@table{\tablename\thetable}
\renewenvironment{table}
               {\setlength\abovecaptionskip{0\p@}%
                \setlength\belowcaptionskip{10\p@}%
                \@float{table}}
               {\end@float}
\renewenvironment{table*}
               {\setlength\abovecaptionskip{0\p@}%
                \setlength\belowcaptionskip{10\p@}%
                \@dblfloat{table}}
               {\end@dblfloat}

\def\fig@type{figure}

% Frame for paste-in figures or tables
\def\mpicplace#1#2{%  #1 =width   #2 =height
\vbox{\hbox to #1{\vrule width \fboxrule height #2\hfill}}}


\newdimen\figcapgap\figcapgap=3pt
\newdimen\tabcapgap\tabcapgap=5.5pt

\@ifundefined{floatlegendstyle}{\def\floatlegendstyle{\bfseries}}{}
\def\floatcounterend{.\ }
\def\capstrut{\vrule\@width\z@\@height\topskip}
\@ifundefined{captionstyle}{\def\captionstyle{\normalfont\small}}{}

\long\def\@caption#1[#2]#3{\par\addcontentsline{\csname
  ext@#1\endcsname}{#1}{\protect\numberline{\csname
  the#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #2}}\begingroup
    \@parboxrestore
    \@makecaption{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}\par
  \endgroup}

\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%
 \captionstyle
 \ifx\@captype\fig@type
   \vskip\figcapgap
 \fi
 \setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{{\floatlegendstyle #1\floatcounterend}%
 \capstrut #2}%
 \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize
   {\floatlegendstyle #1\floatcounterend}\capstrut #2\par
 \else
   \hbox to\hsize{\leftlegendglue\unhbox\@tempboxa\hfil}%
 \fi
 \ifx\@captype\fig@type\else
   \vskip\tabcapgap
 \fi}

\newdimen\figgap\figgap=1cc
%
\long\def\@makesidecaption#1#2{%
   \setbox0=\vbox{\hsize=\@tempdima
                  \captionstyle{\floatlegendstyle
                                         #1\floatcounterend}#2}%
   \ifdim\instindent<\z@
      \ifdim\ht0>-\instindent
         \advance\instindent by\ht0
         \typeout{^^JClass-Warning: Legend of \string\sidecaption\space for
                     \@captype\space\csname the\@captype\endcsname
                  ^^Jis \the\instindent\space taller than the corresponding float -
                  ^^Jyou'd better switch the environment. }%
         \instindent\z@
      \fi
   \else
      \ifdim\ht0<\instindent
         \advance\instindent by-\ht0
         \advance\instindent by-\dp0\relax
         \advance\instindent by\topskip
         \advance\instindent by-11pt
      \else
         \advance\instindent by-\ht0
         \instindent=-\instindent
         \typeout{^^JClass-Warning: Legend of \string\sidecaption\space for
                     \@captype\space\csname the\@captype\endcsname
                  ^^Jis \the\instindent\space taller than the corresponding float -
                  ^^Jyou'd better switch the environment. }%
         \instindent\z@
      \fi
   \fi
   \parbox[b]{\@tempdima}{\captionstyle{\floatlegendstyle
                                        #1\floatcounterend}#2%
                          \ifdim\instindent>\z@ \\
                               \vrule\@width\z@\@height\instindent
                                     \@depth\z@
                          \fi}}
\def\sidecaption{\@ifnextchar[\sidec@ption{\sidec@ption[b]}}
\def\sidec@ption[#1]#2\caption{%
\setbox\@tempboxa=\hbox{\ignorespaces#2\unskip}%
\if@twocolumn
 \ifdim\hsize<\textwidth\else
   \ifdim\wd\@tempboxa<\columnwidth
      \typeout{Double column float fits into single column -
            ^^Jyou'd better switch the environment. }%
   \fi
 \fi
\fi
  \instindent=\ht\@tempboxa
  \advance\instindent by\dp\@tempboxa
\if t#1
\else
  \instindent=-\instindent
\fi
\@tempdima=\hsize
\advance\@tempdima by-\figgap
\advance\@tempdima by-\wd\@tempboxa
\ifdim\@tempdima<3cm
    \typeout{\string\sidecaption: No sufficient room for the legend;
             using normal \string\caption. }%
   \unhbox\@tempboxa
   \let\@capcommand=\@caption
\else
   \let\@capcommand=\@sidecaption
   \leavevmode
   \unhbox\@tempboxa
   \hfill
\fi
\refstepcounter\@captype
\@dblarg{\@capcommand\@captype}}

\long\def\@sidecaption#1[#2]#3{\addcontentsline{\csname
  ext@#1\endcsname}{#1}{\protect\numberline{\csname
  the#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #2}}\begingroup
    \@parboxrestore
    \@makesidecaption{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}\par
  \endgroup}

% LaTeX does not provide a command to enter the authors institute
% addresses. The \institute command is defined here.

\newcounter{@inst}
\newcounter{@auth}
\newcounter{auco}
\def\andname{and}
\def\lastandname{\unskip, and}
\newdimen\instindent
\newbox\authrun
\newtoks\authorrunning
\newtoks\tocauthor
\newbox\titrun
\newtoks\titlerunning
\newtoks\toctitle

\def\clearheadinfo{\gdef\@author{No Author Given}%
                   \gdef\@title{No Title Given}%
                   \gdef\@subtitle{}%
                   \gdef\@institute{No Institute Given}%
                   \gdef\@thanks{}%
                   \global\titlerunning={}\global\authorrunning={}%
                   \global\toctitle={}\global\tocauthor={}}

\def\institute#1{\gdef\@institute{#1}}

\def\title{\@ifstar\s@title\n@title}
\def\s@title#1{\gdef\@title{#1}\ds@numart}
\def\n@title#1{\gdef\@title{#1}\ds@book}

\def\institutename{\par
 \begingroup
 \parskip=\z@
 \parindent=\z@
 \setcounter{@inst}{1}%
 \def\and{\par\stepcounter{@inst}%
          \noindent
          \llap{\hbox to\instindent{\hss$^{\the@inst}$%
                              \enspace}}\ignorespaces}%
 \setbox0=\vbox{\def\thanks##1{}\@institute}%
 \ifnum\value{@inst}>9\relax\setbox0=\hbox{$^{88}$\enspace}%
                 \else\setbox0=\hbox{$^{8}$\enspace}\fi
 \instindent=\wd0
 \leftskip=\wd0\relax
 \ifnum\value{@inst}=1\relax
   \leftskip=\z@
 \else
   \setcounter{footnote}{\c@@inst}%
   \setcounter{@inst}{1}%
   \noindent
   \llap{\hbox to\instindent{\hss$^{\the@inst}$\enspace}}\ignorespaces
 \fi
 \ignorespaces
 \@institute\par
 \endgroup}

\def\@fnsymbol#1{\ensuremath{\ifcase#1\or\star\or{\star\star}\or
   {\star\star\star}\or \dagger\or \ddagger\or
   \mathchar "278\or \mathchar "27B\or \|\or **\or \dagger\dagger
   \or \ddagger\ddagger \else\@ctrerr\fi}}

\def\inst#1{\unskip$^{#1}$}
\def\fnmsep{\unskip$^,$}

\def\subtitle#1{\gdef\@subtitle{#1}}
\clearheadinfo

\newcommand{\clearemptydoublepage}{%
        \newpage{\pagestyle{empty}\cleardoublepage}}

\renewcommand\maketitle{\par\startnewpage
  \stepcounter{section}%
  \setcounter{section}{0}%
  \setcounter{subsection}{0}%
  \setcounter{figure}{0}
  \setcounter{table}{0}
  \setcounter{equation}{0}
  \setcounter{footnote}{0}%
  \if@numart
     \stepcounter{chapter}%
     \addtocounter{chapter}{-1}%
  \else
     \refstepcounter{chapter}%
  \fi
  \begingroup
    \parindent=\z@
    \renewcommand\thefootnote{\@fnsymbol\c@footnote}%
    \if@twocolumn
      \ifnum \col@number=\@ne
        \@maketitle
      \else
        \twocolumn[\@maketitle]%
      \fi
    \else
      \newpage
      \global\@topnum\z@   % Prevents figures from going at top of page.
      \@maketitle
    \fi
    \@ifundefined{thispagecropped}{}{\thispagecropped}
    \thispagestyle{empty}\@thanks
%
    \def\\{\unskip\ \ignorespaces}\def\inst##1{\unskip{}}%
    \def\thanks##1{\unskip{}}\def\fnmsep{\unskip}%
    \instindent=\hsize
    \advance\instindent by-\headlineindent
    \if!\the\toctitle!\addcontentsline{toc}{title}{\if@numart\else
                                   \@seccntformat{chapter}\fi
    \@title}\else
       \addcontentsline{toc}{title}{\if@numart\else
                                   \@seccntformat{chapter}\fi
       \the\toctitle}\fi
    \if@runhead
       \if!\the\titlerunning!\else
         \edef\@title{\the\titlerunning}%
       \fi
       \global\setbox\titrun=\hbox{\small\rm\unboldmath\if@numart\else
                                   \@seccntformat{chapter}\fi
                                   \ignorespaces\@title}%
       \ifdim\wd\titrun>\instindent
          \typeout{Title too long for running head. Please supply}%
          \typeout{a shorter form with \string\titlerunning\space prior to
                   \string\maketitle}%
          \global\setbox\titrun=\hbox{\small\rm
          Title Suppressed Due to Excessive Length}%
       \fi
       \xdef\@title{\copy\titrun}%
    \fi
%
    \if!\the\tocauthor!\relax
      {\def\and{\noexpand\protect\noexpand\and}%
      \protected@xdef\toc@uthor{\@author}}%
    \else
      \def\\{\noexpand\protect\noexpand\newline}%
      \protected@xdef\scratch{\the\tocauthor}%
      \protected@xdef\toc@uthor{\scratch}%
    \fi
       \addcontentsline{toc}{author}{\toc@uthor}%
%%%    \addtocontents{toc}{{\protect\raggedright
%%%%   \protect\leftskip15\p@
%%%    \protect\rightskip\@tocrmarg
%%%    \protect\advance\protect\rightskip\@flushglue
%%%    \protect\itshape\toc@uthor\protect\endgraf}}%
    \if@runhead
       \if!\the\authorrunning!
         \value{@inst}=\value{@auth}%
         \setcounter{@auth}{1}%
       \else
         \edef\@author{\the\authorrunning}%
       \fi
       \global\setbox\authrun=\hbox{\small\unboldmath\@author\unskip}%
       \ifdim\wd\authrun>\instindent
          \typeout{Names of authors too long for running head. Please supply}%
          \typeout{a shorter form with \string\authorrunning\space prior to
                   \string\maketitle}%
          \global\setbox\authrun=\hbox{\small\rm
          Authors Suppressed Due to Excessive Length}%
       \fi
       \xdef\@author{\copy\authrun}%
       \markboth{\@author}{\@title}%
     \fi
  \endgroup
  \setcounter{footnote}{0}%
  \clearheadinfo}
%
\def\@maketitle{\newpage
 \markboth{}{}%
 \def\lastand{\ifnum\value{@inst}=2\relax
                 \unskip{} \andname\
              \else
                 \unskip \lastandname\
              \fi}%
 \def\and{\stepcounter{@auth}\relax
          \ifnum\value{@auth}=\value{@inst}%
             \lastand
          \else
             \unskip,
          \fi}%
  \raggedright
 {\Large \bfseries\boldmath
  \pretolerance=10000
  \if@numart
     \let\@svsec\@empty
  \else
     \protected@edef\@svsec{\@seccntformat{chapter}\relax}%
  \fi
  \let\\=\newline
% \@hangfrom{\@svsec}%
  \@svsec
  \interlinepenalty \@M
  \@title \par}\vskip .8cm
\if!\@subtitle!\else {\large \bfseries\boldmath
  \vskip -.65cm
  \pretolerance=10000
  \@subtitle \par}\vskip .8cm\fi
 \setbox0=\vbox{\setcounter{@auth}{1}\def\and{\stepcounter{@auth}}%
 \def\thanks##1{}\@author}%
 \global\value{@inst}=\value{@auth}%
 \global\value{auco}=\value{@auth}%
 \setcounter{@auth}{1}%
{\lineskip .5em
\noindent\ignorespaces
\@author\vskip.35cm}
 {\small\institutename}%
  \ifdim\pagetotal>88.5pt
     \else
     \@tempdima=88.5pt\advance\@tempdima by-\pagetotal
     \vskip\@tempdima
  \fi}

\if@spthms
% definition of the "\spnewtheorem" command.
%
% Usage:
%
%     \spnewtheorem{env_nam}{caption}[within]{cap_font}{body_font}
% or  \spnewtheorem{env_nam}[numbered_like]{caption}{cap_font}{body_font}
% or  \spnewtheorem*{env_nam}{caption}{cap_font}{body_font}
%
% New is "cap_font" and "body_font". It stands for
% fontdefinition of the caption and the text itself.
%
% "\spnewtheorem*" gives a theorem without number.
%
% A defined spnewthoerem environment is used as described
% by Lamport.
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\@thmcountersep{}
\def\@thmcounterend{.}

\def\spnewtheorem{\@ifstar{\@sthm}{\@Sthm}}

% definition of \spnewtheorem with number

\def\@spnthm#1#2{%
  \@ifnextchar[{\@spxnthm{#1}{#2}}{\@spynthm{#1}{#2}}}
\def\@Sthm#1{\@ifnextchar[{\@spothm{#1}}{\@spnthm{#1}}}

\def\@spxnthm#1#2[#3]#4#5{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
   {\@definecounter{#1}\@addtoreset{#1}{#3}%
   \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\expandafter\noexpand
     \csname the#3\endcsname \noexpand\@thmcountersep \@thmcounter{#1}}%
   \expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#2}%
   \global\@namedef{#1}{\@spthm{#1}{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#4}{#5}}%
                              \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}

\def\@spynthm#1#2#3#4{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
   {\@definecounter{#1}%
   \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\@thmcounter{#1}}%
   \expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#2}%
   \global\@namedef{#1}{\@spthm{#1}{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#3}{#4}}%
                               \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}

\def\@spothm#1[#2]#3#4#5{%
  \@ifundefined{c@#2}{\@latexerr{No theorem environment `#2' defined}\@eha}%
  {\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
  {\global\@namedef{the#1}{\@nameuse{the#2}}%
  \expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#3}%
  \global\@namedef{#1}{\@spthm{#2}{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#4}{#5}}%
  \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}}

\def\@spthm#1#2#3#4{\topsep 7\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
\refstepcounter{#1}%
\@ifnextchar[{\@spythm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}}{\@spxthm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}}}

\def\@spxthm#1#2#3#4{\@spbegintheorem{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}{#3}{#4}%
                    \ignorespaces}

\def\@spythm#1#2#3#4[#5]{\@spopargbegintheorem{#2}{\csname
       the#1\endcsname}{#5}{#3}{#4}\ignorespaces}

\def\@spbegintheorem#1#2#3#4{\trivlist
                 \item[\hskip\labelsep{#3#1\ #2\@thmcounterend}]#4}

\def\@spopargbegintheorem#1#2#3#4#5{\trivlist
      \item[\hskip\labelsep{#4#1\ #2}]{#4(#3)\@thmcounterend\ }#5}

% definition of \spnewtheorem* without number

\def\@sthm#1#2{\@Ynthm{#1}{#2}}

\def\@Ynthm#1#2#3#4{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
   {\global\@namedef{#1}{\@Thm{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#3}{#4}}%
    \expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#2}%
    \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}

\def\@Thm#1#2#3{\topsep 7\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
\@ifnextchar[{\@Ythm{#1}{#2}{#3}}{\@Xthm{#1}{#2}{#3}}}

\def\@Xthm#1#2#3{\@Begintheorem{#1}{#2}{#3}\ignorespaces}

\def\@Ythm#1#2#3[#4]{\@Opargbegintheorem{#1}
       {#4}{#2}{#3}\ignorespaces}

\def\@Begintheorem#1#2#3{#3\trivlist
                           \item[\hskip\labelsep{#2#1\@thmcounterend}]}

\def\@Opargbegintheorem#1#2#3#4{#4\trivlist
      \item[\hskip\labelsep{#3#1}]{#3(#2)\@thmcounterend\ }}

% initialize theorem environment

\if@envcntsect % show section counter
   \def\@thmcountersep{.}
   \spnewtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[\envankh]{\bfseries}{\itshape}
\else          % theorem counter only
   \spnewtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}{\bfseries}{\itshape}
   \if@envcntreset
      \@addtoreset{theorem}{section}
   \else
      \@addtoreset{theorem}{chapter}
   \fi
\fi

%definition of divers theorem environments
\spnewtheorem*{claim}{Claim}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
\spnewtheorem*{proof}{Proof}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
\if@envcntsame % all environments like "Theorem" - using its counter
   \def\spn@wtheorem#1#2#3#4{\@spothm{#1}[theorem]{#2}{#3}{#4}}
\else % all environments with their own counter
   \if@envcntsect % show section counter
      \def\spn@wtheorem#1#2#3#4{\@spxnthm{#1}{#2}[\envankh]{#3}{#4}}
   \else          % environment counter only
      \if@envcntreset % environment counter is reset each section
         \def\spn@wtheorem#1#2#3#4{\@spynthm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}
                                   \@addtoreset{#1}{section}}
      \else
         \let\spn@wtheorem=\@spynthm
      \fi
   \fi
\fi
\spn@wtheorem{case}{Case}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
\spn@wtheorem{conjecture}{Conjecture}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
\spn@wtheorem{corollary}{Corollary}{\bfseries}{\itshape}
\spn@wtheorem{definition}{Definition}{\bfseries}{\rmfamily}
\spn@wtheorem{example}{Example}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
\spn@wtheorem{exercise}{Exercise}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
\spn@wtheorem{lemma}{Lemma}{\bfseries}{\itshape}
\spn@wtheorem{note}{Note}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
\spn@wtheorem{problem}{Problem}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
\spn@wtheorem{property}{Property}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
\spn@wtheorem{proposition}{Proposition}{\bfseries}{\itshape}
\spn@wtheorem{question}{Question}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
\spn@wtheorem{solution}{Solution}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
\spn@wtheorem{remark}{Remark}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}

\def\theopargself{\def\@spopargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4##5{\trivlist
      \item[\hskip\labelsep{##4##1\ ##2}]{##4##3\@thmcounterend\ }##5}
                  \def\@Opargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4{##4\trivlist
      \item[\hskip\labelsep{##3##1}]{##3##2\@thmcounterend\ }}
      }
\fi

\def\@takefromreset#1#2{%
    \def\@tempa{#1}%
    \let\@tempd\@elt
    \def\@elt##1{%
        \def\@tempb{##1}%
        \ifx\@tempa\@tempb\else
            \@addtoreset{##1}{#2}%
        \fi}%
    \expandafter\expandafter\let\expandafter\@tempc\csname cl@#2\endcsname
    \expandafter\def\csname cl@#2\endcsname{}%
    \@tempc
    \let\@elt\@tempd}

\def\squareforqed{\hbox{\rlap{$\sqcap$}$\sqcup$}}
\def\qed{\ifmmode\else\unskip\quad\fi\squareforqed}
%\def\qed{\ifmmode\squareforqed\else{\unskip\nobreak\hfil
%\penalty50\hskip1em\null\nobreak\hfil\squareforqed
%\parfillskip=0pt\finalhyphendemerits=0\endgraf}\fi}

\newif\if@numart   \@numarttrue
\def\ds@numart{\@numarttrue
  \@takefromreset{figure}{chapter}%
  \@takefromreset{table}{chapter}%
  \@takefromreset{equation}{chapter}%
  \def\thesection{\@arabic\c@section}%
  \def\thefigure{\@arabic\c@figure}%
  \def\thetable{\@arabic\c@table}%
  \def\theequation{\arabic{equation}}%
  \def\thesubequation{\arabic{equation}\alph{eqsubcnt}}}
%
\def\ds@book{\@numartfalse
\def\thesection{\thechapter.\@arabic\c@section}%
\def\thefigure{\thechapter.\@arabic\c@figure}%
\def\thetable{\thechapter.\@arabic\c@table}%
\def\theequation{\thechapter.\arabic{equation}}%
\@addtoreset{section}{chapter}%
\@addtoreset{figure}{chapter}%
\@addtoreset{table}{chapter}%
\@addtoreset{equation}{chapter}%
\def\thesubequation{\thechapter.\arabic{equation}\alph{eqsubcnt}}}

\renewenvironment{abstract}{%
      \advance\topsep by0.35cm\relax\small
      \labelwidth=\z@
      \listparindent=\z@
      \itemindent\listparindent
              \trivlist\item[\hskip\labelsep
                     \bfseries\abstractname]}
    {\endtrivlist}
\renewcommand{\abstractname}{Abstract.}
\renewcommand{\contentsname}{Contents}
\renewcommand{\figurename}{Fig.\thinspace}
\renewcommand{\tablename}{Table~}

\newcommand{\contriblistname}{List of Contributors}


\newdimen\headlineindent             % dimension for space between
\headlineindent=1.166cm              % number and text of headings.

\def\customizhead{\hspace{\headlineindent}}
\def\ps@headings{\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
   \let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty
   \def\@evenhead{\normalfont\small\rlap{\thepage}\customizhead
                  \leftmark\hfil}
   \def\@oddhead{\normalfont\small\hfil\rightmark\customizhead
                 \llap{\thepage}}
   \def\chaptermark##1{}%
   \def\sectionmark##1{}%
   \def\subsectionmark##1{}}

\if@runhead\ps@headings\else
\ps@empty\fi

\endinput
%end of file svmult.cls
